Seventy Weeks

Daniel 9:20-26

At one time, Israel was a superpower. Under King David and his son Solomon, the nation was one of the leading powers of its era. However, years of decline and poor leadership led to the country being overrun by Babylon. In 605 BC, Daniel was taken captive from his homeland of Israel to the capital of Babylon, where he was made a eunuch and forced to serve King Nebuchadnezzar. Nineteen years later, in 586 BC, Nebuchadnezzar sacked Jerusalem, destroying its walls, burning its gates, and deporting all but the poorest of the population.

Daniel continued to serve his enemy while he was far from Jerusalem, in Babylon, where he held the position of advisor to the king. You may have heard the story of "Daniel in the Lions' Den." Daniel was favored by the king, which made the king's other advisors jealous. They conspired to eliminate him but initially struggled to find a way. Eventually, they persuaded the king to sign a law stating that no one was to pray to any god other than the king for 30 days, knowing that Daniel prayed every day. Daniel 6:10 tells us:

Daniel 6:10 (NKJV) Now when Daniel knew that the writing was signed, he went home. And in his upper room, with his windows open toward Jerusalem, he knelt down on his knees three times that day, and prayed and gave thanks before his God, as was his custom since early days.

What I want you to see today is Daniel’s deep love for his home, Jerusalem. From his early days, he prayed three times a day with his windows open toward the city. In Daniel 9, we encounter Daniel praying and seeking God on behalf of his people, 70 years after he was taken from Jerusalem. He dedicated a lifetime to praying three times a day, always facing toward Jerusalem. Can anyone have a greater heart for his people and his nation? The once mighty nation, God’s chosen people, had existed only in the memories of Daniel and others his age for the past 50.

Where was the fulfillment of God’s promise for a nation that would  endure through all time? What became of the assurance that a descendant of David would reign eternally? How could Daniel trust in God’s faithfulness to His promises if there was no nation?

These questions must have driven Daniel to fast and pray, seeking answers. So, God sent Gabriel to explain some truths to him. Let’s briefly look at what Gabriel told Daniel.

Daniel 9:24 (NKJV) “Seventy weeks are determined For your people and for your holy city, To finish the transgression, To make an end of sins, To make reconciliation for iniquity, To bring in everlasting righteousness, To seal up vision and prophecy, And to anoint the Most Holy.

In these words, God outlines His intentions for Israel.

 

Let’s examine what God reveals to Daniel. "Seventy weeks" is a Hebrew phrase that can be understood as "seventy sets of seven." Six key objectives will be achieved within these 70 sets of seven.

1. To finish the transgression, 
2. To make an end of sins, 
3. To make reconciliation for iniquity, 
4. To bring in everlasting righteousness, 
5. To seal up vision and prophecy, and 
6. to anoint the Most Holy.

Consider these six things: no more sin and everlasting righteousness—these concepts do not align with the world we know! Another interpretation of point number five is “to make an end of vision and prophecy.” If an end is made to vision and prophecy, it indicates that Scripture is complete. All of this suggests the completion of God’s plans, and indeed, it is. 

It is important to note that the 70 sets of seven are specifically designated for Daniel's people. In other words, these seventy sets of seven apply to Israel.

 Briefly look at the division of these years.

Daniel 9:25-26 (NKJV) 25 “Know therefore and understand, [That] from the going forth of the command To restore and build Jerusalem Until Messiah the Prince, [There shall be] seven weeks and sixty-two weeks; The street shall be built again, and the wall, Even in troublesome times. 26 “And after the sixty-two weeks Messiah shall be cut off, but not for Himself; And the people of the prince who is to come Shall destroy the city and the sanctuary. The end of it [shall be] with a flood, and till the end of the war desolations are determined.

Much is revealed in these words, and you could earn a doctorate studying them. Today, observe that there are seven weeks, then sixty-two weeks, and then the Messiah will be cut off. 

In light of the historical context where the nation of Israel no longer existed, the announcement that there would be a decree to rebuild Jerusalem was truly a beacon of hope for Daniel. This held profound significance, signaling the renewal and restoration of the beloved city. And what is more, the of the Messiah, the One who is to sit on David’s throne is repeated. But wait! What is this about the Messiah being cut off? In this instance, I favor the NLT version that says, “The Anointed One will be killed, appearing to have accomplished nothing.” Okay, wow! Ah, how is it that the One who is to sit on the throne forever is “cut off,” killed?

There is definitely a mystery involved here. Let's take a moment to think about a mathematical fact together. Initially, Gabriel mentioned seven weeks and then sixty-two weeks. When we add these together, we get a total of 69 weeks. However, Gabriel stated that 70 weeks are determined! An interesting fact here—the 69 weeks were accomplished and ended in 33AD when Jesus died, was buried, and rose again. At that point the Messiah appears to have been “cut off.” Believe it or not, we are still waiting for the 70th week. Many yet to be fulfilled prophecies and most of the book of Revelation fit into this final seven-year period.

The time from the cross to the present is known as the Church age and the 70th week is on hold.  While all heaven and earth have waited for the final set of seven for the past two-thousand years, God has focused on us Gentiles.

Romans 11:25 (NLT) I want you to understand this mystery, dear brothers and sisters, so that you will not feel proud about yourselves. Some of the people of Israel have hard hearts, but this will last only until the full number of Gentiles comes to Christ.

Many have felt proud and discounted God’s plans for Israel, but Jesus said:

Luke 21:24 (NKJV) “And Jerusalem will be trampled by Gentiles until the times of the Gentiles are fulfilled.”

When the times of the Gentiles are fulfilled the 70th week of Daniel will take place. This last set of 7 years is known as the great Tribulation and is the time when the man known as the Antichrist will come to power. But we need not worry about those 7 years, because they are determined for Israel. God has made known what is going to happen and what is happening. 1/3 of the Bible is prophecy and the events we are witnessing today in the world are clearly following the outline that God has given. The reason God has made these things known is so that people will believe.

From what we see written in both the Old and New Testaments, we know the time of the 70th week is near. So what are we to do? 

Jesus told us what we are to be doing. He said:

Matthew 28:19-20 (NKJV) 19 “Go therefore and make disciples of all the nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, 20 “teaching them to observe all things that I have commanded you; and lo, I am with you always, [even] to the end of the age.” Amen.

Jesus tells us to teach others to follow Him until the end of the age.

Prophecy shows us that the Word of God is certain. History has happened just as God foretold. And the future will unfold just as God has said it will. Our knowledge of what is happening does two things for us. It gives us confidence because we understand what God is doing. And second, our understanding helps us to give witness to God’s working in the world. As the day draws closer, we see more of what God has promised happening, and we gain confidence and power in our witness. If we, like Daniel, care about our people, the most important thing we can do is to help them understand that God is at work in our world. 

Skill to Understand

Daniel 9:20-23 (NKJV) 20 Now while I [was] speaking, praying, and confessing my sin and the sin of my people Israel, and presenting my supplication before the LORD my God for the holy mountain of my God, 21 yes, while I [was] speaking in prayer, the man Gabriel, whom I had seen in the vision at the beginning, being caused to fly swiftly, reached me about the time of the evening offering. 22 And he informed [me,] and talked with me, and said, “O Daniel, I have now come forth to give you skill to understand. 23 “At the beginning of your supplications the command went out, and I have come to tell [you,] for you [are] greatly beloved; therefore consider the matter, and understand the vision:

Consider verse 23. Verse 23 says, “You are greatly beloved!”

In the first nineteen verses, Daniel repents and confesses his sins and the sins of his people, Israel. It is essential to note that God loves us even when we sin. Just as crucial is the truth that sin has consequences, even though God loves us. God does not zap us with lightning, but in a metaphorical sense, our sin does!

Consider also verse 23 when it says, “At the beginning of your supplications the command went out.” Daniel prayed for a while. We do not know how long, but in Daniel 9:3, Daniel says:

Daniel 9:3 (NKJV) Then I set my face toward the Lord God to make request by prayer and supplications, with fasting, sackcloth, and ashes.

Fasting, sackcloth, and ashes suggest a time extending at least a few days. What could have delayed the answer? Is God somehow limited? No, God is not limited. He entrusted the message to His messenger, Gabriel, and we know from this verse and Daniel 10:13 that Gabriel can be delayed.

God grants understanding through His Holy Spirit, and His written word, the Bible, imparts many truths. However, there are times when we need support from others to help us connect these truths. The Bible tells us that God has provided pastors and teachers for the Church. Teaching is a crucial part of our learning and spiritual growth. This is just one of several reasons why attending church is essential for Christians.

During Daniel's time, no one was available to teach him, and no one alive understood what was being revealed to him. Therefore, God sent Gabriel to explain these things to Daniel. 

Consider verse 22. Daniel says:

Daniel 9:22 (NKJV) And he informed [me,] and talked with me, and said, “O Daniel, I have now come forth to give you skill to understand.

In verse 22, Daniel states, “And he informed me and talked with me.” The details of what Gabriel taught Daniel are revealed in the remainder of Daniel 9. The fact that Gabriel and Daniel “talked” indicates that Gabriel took some time to instruct Daniel. They talked!

God revealed a vision to Daniel, but did not explain it Himself. Despite Daniel being greatly loved, God sent Gabriel to provide the explanation. This approach is generally followed, with a few exceptions. To understand this principle, we can look at an incident in Moses's life while he was leading the Israelites in the wilderness, which is recorded in Numbers 12.

Numbers 12:1-8 (NKJV) 1 Then Miriam and Aaron spoke against Moses because of the Ethiopian woman whom he had married; for he had married an Ethiopian woman. 2 So they said, “Has the LORD indeed spoken only through Moses? Has He not spoken through us also?” And the LORD heard [it.] 3 (Now the man Moses [was] very humble, more than all men who [were] on the face of the earth.) 4 Suddenly the LORD said to Moses, Aaron, and Miriam, “Come out, you three, to the tabernacle of meeting!” So the three came out. 5 Then the LORD came down in the pillar of cloud and stood [in] the door of the tabernacle, and called Aaron and Miriam. And they both went forward. 6 Then He said, “Hear now My words: If there is a prophet among you, [I], the LORD, make Myself known to him in a vision; I speak to him in a dream. 7 Not so with My servant Moses; He [is] faithful in all My house. 8 I speak with him face to face, even plainly, and not in dark sayings; And he sees the form of the LORD. Why then were you not afraid to speak against My servant Moses?”

In verse 6, God says, “If there is a prophet among you, I, the LORD, make Myself known to him in a vision; I speak to him in a dream.” This is how God made Himself known to Daniel — in a vision.

In verses 7 and 8, God says, “Not so with My servant Moses; he is faithful in all My house. I speak with him face to face, even plainly, and not in dark sayings; and he sees the form of the LORD.” 

While Moses was on the mountain of the LORD for 40 days and nights, God taught and explained various things to him. They talked! When Moses came down from the mountain, his face shone so brightly that people could not look at him. I am not aware of any Scriptures that mention this happening to anyone else, unless one wants to point out that Jesus’s glory was revealed during the Mount of Transfiguration.

Moses remains a significant figure, and we still have his writings. Jesus is Lord, and He has provided us with the written word, the Holy Spirit, and pastors and teachers. Therefore, it is unlikely that He will send Gabriel again in our day. The last mention of Gabriel speaking to anyone in the Bible is when he tells Mary that she will give birth to the Son of God.

Not all pastors and teachers are reliable, honest, or devoted to the Lord. Therefore, it is essential to compare their teachings with what the Bible says. Faithfulness to doctrine is the reason churches have doctrinal statements.

It’s essential that everything I teach aligns with the Scriptures. Any doctrine that deviates from the Bible should be dismissed, regardless of who presents it—be it me or anyone else. I urge you to exercise caution with quick, one-verse interpretations; true biblical truths are woven throughout multiple passages and must harmonize with the entirety of Scripture.

The truth that Gabriel teaches Daniel is a theme found throughout the entire Bible. Without understanding the meaning of this vision, we cannot grasp what God is doing in the world and why events are unfolding as they are today. The insights Gabriel imparts to Daniel are available to all of us because Daniel wrote them down.

If you desire understanding, 1) ask God for understanding and trust that His Holy Spirit will guide you; 2) search the Scriptures; and 3) ask a teacher you trust to help you.

I urge you to do all three.

Lesson on Repentance

 Lesson on Repentance

Daniel’s Prayer 

Daniel 9:1-19 

Daniel chapter 9 is one of the most formative chapters in the entire Bible. It holds a key to understanding biblical prophecy—especially the book of Revelation. At the time Daniel wrote this chapter, he was seeking the Lord about the future of Israel. As he prayed and read the Scriptures, he experienced deep repentance. Chapter 9 is his prayer of repentance for himself and his nation. 

Israel ignored God’s commands on many occasions. They did this even after clear warnings in Deuteronomy and the Old Testament. God didn’t give His commands to ruin anyone’s fun or to set up impossible rules. He gave them to protect His people and to ensure their prosperity. And yet, Israel rebelled—again and again.

In our series, “A Trip Through Time,” we’ve explored key themes. These themes have shaped my understanding of how God interacts with Israel. One was the Sabbath, and the other was learning and growing. Both have a lot to say about how we walk with God.

As we continue our series, “A Trip Through Time,” we will look at Daniel chapter 9. This chapter puts the subject of repentance front and center. This chapter reveals how God interacted with Israel in the past. It also offers insights into His future plans for them.

Let's read Daniel 9:1–19 together. As we go through it, I'll share thoughts on repentance. These lessons matter for our walk with God today.

Daniel 9:1-23 (NKJV) 1 In the first year of Darius the son of Ahasuerus, of the lineage of the Medes, who was made king over the realm of the Chaldeans-- 2 in the first year of his reign I, Daniel, understood by the books the number of the years [specified] by the word of the LORD through Jeremiah the prophet, that He would accomplish seventy years in the desolations of Jerusalem. 

[Daniel declared, "I understood by the books," emphasizing that his pursuit of knowledge was extensive. By choosing the term "books" instead of "Bible," "Scripture," or "Moses," he highlights that his study has included everything he could find. Additionally, his reference to Jeremiah reveals his quest to grasp the intricacies of prophecy. This leads us to a powerful moment of reflection—Daniel’s heartfelt prayer of repentance as he confronts the profound truths unveiled in his studies.]

3Then I set my face toward the Lord God to make request by prayer and supplications, with fasting, sackcloth, and ashes.

 [Fasting, wearing sackcloth, and covering oneself in ashes are powerful acts of deep sorrow. In Jeremiah 8:6, God speaks of repentance and says, “No man repented of his wickedness, Saying, ‘What have I done?’” Repentance is rethinking and realizing we have been wrong so that our gut-level reaction is “What have I done!” Repentance is not penance. Penance is something we do—punishing ourselves. Daniel was not punishing himself when he fasted, wore ashes and sackcloth, He was overcome with grief. He was not trying to earn God’s favor. He was sad, extremely sad. Consider this—Verse one says it was the first year of King Darius. From this, we know that by now Daniel is an old man. All of his life he has been an exalted man, an advisor to kings. And now, in his old age, he realizes he has been wrong his whole life. The sackcloth and ashes and the words of his prayer reflect Daniel saying, “What have I done, what have I done, what have I done? I have been wrong these 80 years!] 

4And I prayed to the LORD my God, and made confession, and said, “O Lord, great and awesome God, who keeps His covenant and mercy with those who love Him, and with those who keep His commandments, 

[These words reflect Daniel’s understanding of God’s character. This understanding goes beyond fleeting emotions; it demonstrates a depth of self-awareness and his ability to confront his own feelings, such as anger over the destruction of his people and city, as well as his years spent as a slave to his enemies. Are you honest enough to face your anger toward God, your disappointment with Him? Until we face these things we do not see God as great, loving, and One who keeps His covenant.]

5 “we have sinned and committed iniquity, we have done wickedly and rebelled, even by departing from Your precepts and Your judgments. 6 “Neither have we heeded Your servants the prophets, who spoke in Your name to our kings and our princes, to our fathers and all the people of the land. 

[God granted Daniel wisdom greater than any of his peers. He made the choice to eat only kosher foods in the Babylonian royal palace and God blessed Him for this. Daniel prayed three times a day and God saved him from being eaten by lions. But now in the words of his prayer we see that Daniel was thinking the Jews were suffering because they were righteous. His great sorrow is realizing he has been wrong. He and his people were suffering because they had refused to listen to God.  Daniel recognized that God had been reaching out to His people through prophets and teachers for many hundred of years. (I say teachers because Daniel says “precepts.”) God is reaching out to you, yet again today. Do these words strike a cord with you? Does your spirit burn within you? That is not me. It is the Spirit of God asking you to come home to Him.]

7 “OLord, righteousness [belongs] to You, but to us shame of face, as [it is] this day--to the men of Judah, to the inhabitants of Jerusalem and all Israel, those near and those far off in all the countries to which You have driven them, because of the unfaithfulness which they have committed against You. 8 “O Lord, to us [belongs] shame of face, to our kings, our princes, and our fathers, because we have sinned against You. 9 “To the Lord our God [belong] mercy and forgiveness, though we have rebelled against Him. 10 “We have not obeyed the voice of the LORD our God, to walk in His laws, which He set before us by His servants the prophets. 11 “Yes, all Israel has transgressed Your law, and has departed so as not to obey Your voice; therefore the curse and the oath written in the Law of Moses the servant of God have been poured out on us, because we have sinned against Him. 12 “And He has confirmed His words, which He spoke against us and against our judges who judged us, by bringing upon us a great disaster; for under the whole heaven such has never been done as what has been done to Jerusalem. 13 “As [it is] written in the Law of Moses, all this disaster has come upon us; 

[Daniel recognizes that God is just and fair in His actions. God established a covenant with Israel and communicated with them continuously. He warned Israel repeatedly through His covenant and through His prophets, but they refused to listen.]

13 “As [it is] written in the Law of Moses, all this disaster has come upon us; yet we have not made our prayer before the LORD our God, that we might turn from our iniquities and understand Your truth. 

[The root of this catastrophic failure lies in a single oversight: “We have not prayed before the LORD our God to turn from our iniquities and understand Your truth.” God makes it clear that there is truly only one reason anyone faces condemnation: the choice to reject His gift of salvation. Jesus has already paid the price for every sin. According to John 3:18, “He who believes in Him is not condemned; but he who does not believe is condemned already, because he has not believed in the name of the only begotten Son of God” This powerful truth emphasizes the importance of accepting the gift offered to us.]

14 “Therefore the LORD has kept the disaster in mind, and brought it upon us; for the LORD our God [is] righteousin all the works which He does, though we have not obeyed His voice. 15 “And now, O Lord our God, who brought Your people out of the land of Egypt with a mighty hand, and made Yourself a name, as [it is] this day--we have sinned, we have done wickedly! 16 “O Lord, according to all Your righteousness, I pray, let Your anger and Your fury be turned away from Your city Jerusalem, Your holy mountain; because for our sins, and for the iniquities of our fathers, Jerusalem and Your people [are] a reproach to all [those] around us. 

[Daniel is pleading for compassion. He doesn't make excuses or try to downplay anyone’s actions; instead, he acknowledges Israel's accountability. We must come the same way. If your heart is not at that place, only an appeal to God for mercy will make any difference.]

17 “Now therefore, our God, hear the prayer of Your servant, and his supplications, and for the Lord’s sake cause Your faceto shine on Your sanctuary, which is desolate. 18 “O my God, incline Your ear and hear; open Your eyes and see our desolations, and the city which is called by Your name; for we do not present our supplications before You because of our righteous deeds, but because of Your great mercies.

[Do you see these words “righteous deeds?” This is Daniel’s repentance(re-thinking). He and his people had been thinking they presented their supplications because of their righteous deeds.]

19 “O Lord,hear! O Lord, forgive! O Lord, listen and act! Do not delay for Your own sake, my God, for Your city and Your people are called by Your name.”

[Daniel earnestly seeks the restoration of his people and city, not because they have earned it, but purely because of God's inherent nature. God is overflowing with love and mercy, ready to save anyone who sincerely reaches out to Him.]

20 Nowwhile I [was] speaking, praying, and confessing my sin and the sin of my people Israel, and presenting my supplication before the LORD my God for the holy mountain of my God, 21 yes, while I [was] speaking in prayer, the man Gabriel, whom I had seen in the vision at the beginning, being caused to fly swiftly, reached me about the time of the evening offering. 22 And he informed [me,] and talked with me, and said, “O Daniel, I have now come forth to give you skill to understand. 23 “At the beginning of your supplications the command went out, and I have come to tell [you,] for you [are] greatly beloved; therefore consider the matter, and understand the vision:

[The moment we turn our hearts toward God, He responds with open arms. When we seek wisdom and understanding, He generously grants it to us. The Psalms teach us that the Lord shares His secrets with those who fear Him. 

Psalms 25:14 (NKJV) The secret of the LORD [is] with those who fear Him, And He will show them His covenant.

The Bible assures us that He reveals His ways, guiding us on our journey. As the angel conveyed to Daniel, he comes to impart the skill to truly understand. The Holy Spirit is sent to us by God’s Son, Jesus, and He empowers us and gives us understanding. Ask the Holy Spirit to give you understanding as you read God’s word!]

John 14:26 (NKJV) “But the Helper, the Holy Spirit, whom the Father will send in My name, He will teach you all things, and bring to your remembrance all things that I said to you. 

1 John 2:27 (NKJV) But the anointing which you have received from Him abides in you, and you do not need that anyoneteach you; but as the same anointing teaches you concerning all things, and is true, and is not a lie, and just as it has taught you, you will abide in Him.